Sharciga dhimista sicir bararka (IRA), oo uu saxiixay madaxweyne Joe Biden Agoosto 15, wuxuu ka kooban yahay in ka badan $369 bilyan oo qodobbo ah oo loogu talagalay in lagula dagaallamo isbeddelka cimilada tobanka sano ee soo socda. Inta badan xirmada cimiladu waa canshuur celin federaali ah oo dhan ilaa $7,500 oo lagu gatay gawaadhi koronto oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa la isticmaalo ee Waqooyiga Ameerika.
Farqiga ugu muhiimsan ee dhiirigelinta hore ee EV waa in si loogu qalmo credit credit, EVs mustaqbalka kaliya ma aha in lagu ururiyo Waqooyiga Ameerika, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa laga sameeyaa baytariyada laga soo saaro gudaha ama wadamada ganacsiga xorta ah. heshiisyada lala galay Maraykanka sida Kanada iyo Mexico. Xeerkan cusub ayaa loogu talagalay in lagu dhiirigaliyo shirkadaha sameeya baabuurta korontada si ay u soo wareejiyaan silsiladaha sahayda ee wadamada soo koraya una wareejiyaan Maraykanka, laakiin dadka u dhuun daloola warshadaha ayaa la yaaban in isbeddelku dhici doono sanadaha soo socda, sida uu maamulku rajeynayo, iyo in kale.
IRA-du waxay xaddidaysaa laba dhinac oo baytariyada baabuurta korantada ah: qaybahooda, sida baytariga iyo walxaha firfircoon ee korantada, iyo macdanta loo isticmaalo soo saarista qaybahaas.
Laga bilaabo sanadka soo socda, EV-yada xaqa u leh waxay u baahan doonaan ugu yaraan kala badh qaybahooda baytari in lagu sameeyo Waqooyiga Ameerika, iyadoo 40% alaabta ceeriin ay ka yimaadaan Maraykanka ama la-hawlgalayaasheeda ganacsi. Marka la gaaro 2028, boqolleyda ugu yar ee loo baahan yahay waxay kordhin doontaa sanadba sanadka ilaa 80% agabka ceeriin ee baytariga iyo 100% qaybaha.
Qaar ka mid ah shirkadaha baabuurta, oo ay ku jiraan Tesla iyo General Motors, ayaa bilaabay inay ku horumariyaan baytarigooda warshadaha Maraykanka iyo Kanada. Tesla, tusaale ahaan, waxay ku samaynaysaa nooc cusub oo baytari ah warshadeeda Nevada oo loo malaynayo inay leedahay masaafo ka dheer kuwa hadda laga keeno Japan. Isku dhafka toosan wuxuu ka caawin karaa soosaarayaasha baabuurta korontada inay ka gudbaan tijaabada batteriga IRA. Laakiin dhibaatada dhabta ah ayaa ah halka shirkadu ka hesho alaabta ceeriin ee baytariyada.
Batariyada baabuurta korantada waxaa sida caadiga ah laga sameeyaa nikkel, kobalt iyo manganese (saddexda shay ee ugu muhiimsan cathode), graphite (anode), lithium iyo copper. Loo yaqaan "lixda weyn" ee warshadaha batteriga, macdanta iyo farsamaynta macdantan waxaa inta badan gacanta ku haya Shiinaha, kaas oo maamulka Biden uu ku tilmaamay "mid shisheeye oo walaac leh." Gaadhi kasta oo koronto ah oo la soo saaray 2025 ka dib oo ay ku jiraan walxo Shiinaha laga keenay ayaa laga saarayaa cashuurta federaalka, sida uu qabo IRA. Sharcigu waxa uu taxayaa in ka badan 30 macdan batari oo buuxiya shuruudaha boqolkiiba wax soo saarka.
Shirkadaha dawladda Shiinaha ayaa leh qiyaastii 80 boqolkiiba hawlgallada farsamaynta cobalt ee adduunka iyo in ka badan 90 boqolkiiba warshadaha nikkel, manganese iyo graphite. Trent Mell, madaxa fulinta Electra Battery Materials, oo ah shirkad Canadian ah oo iibisa sahayda caalamiga ah ayaa yidhi: "Haddii aad baytari ka iibsatid shirkado Japan iyo Kuuriyada Koonfureed ah, sida baabuur-sameeyayaal badan ay sameeyaan, waxaa jirta fursad wanaagsan oo baytariyadaadu ku jiraan alaab dib looga warshadeeyey Shiinaha." cobalt la warshadeeyay. Soo saaraha baabuurta korontada.
"Automators ayaa laga yaabaa inay rabaan inay sameeyaan baabuur koronto badan oo u qalma credit credit. Laakiin halkee ayay ka heli doonaan alaab-qeybiyeyaal baytari oo tayo leh? Hadda, baabuur-sameeyayaashu ma haystaan wax ikhtiyaar ah, "ayuu yidhi Lewis Black, maamulaha Almonty Industries. Shirkaddu waa mid ka mid ah alaab-qeybiyeyaal badan oo ka baxsan Shiinaha oo ah tungsten, macdan kale oo loo isticmaalo anodes-ka iyo cathodes ee baytariyada baabuurta korontada ku shaqeeya ee ka baxsan Shiinaha, ayay tiri shirkaddu. (Shiinaha ayaa maamula in ka badan 80% saadka tungsten ee aduunka). Macdanta Almonty iyo hababka Spain, Portugal iyo South Korea.
Awoodda Shiinaha ee alaabta ceyriinka ah waa natiijada tobanaan sano oo siyaasad gardarro ah oo dawladeed iyo maalgashi - Shakiga madow si fudud ayaa loogu soo celin karaa waddamada reer galbeedka.
"30-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay, Shiinuhu wuxuu soo saaray silsilad sahayda alaabta ceeriin ah oo aad waxtar u leh," Black ayaa sidaas yidhi. "Dhaqaalaha Galbeedka, furitaanka macdan qodis ama warshad cusub oo saliid ah waxay qaadan kartaa siddeed sano ama ka badan."
Mell of Electra Battery Materials ayaa sheegay in shirkadiisa, oo hore loo yiqiin Cobalt First, ay tahay Waqooyiga Ameerika soo saaraha kaliya ee cobalt ee baytariyada baabuurta korontada. Shirkaddu waxay ka heshaa cobalt ceyriin ah macdanta Idaho waxayna ka dhisaysaa warshad sifeyn ah Ontario, Canada, taas oo la filayo inay bilaabato horaanta 2023. Electra waxay ka dhisaysaa warshad labaad oo nikkel ah oo ku taal gobolka Quebec ee Kanada.
"Waqooyiga Ameerika waxaa ka maqan awood ay dib ugu warshadeeyaan walxaha baytariyada. Laakiin waxaan aaminsanahay in sharcigani uu kicin doono wareeg cusub oo maalgashi oo lagu sameeyo silsiladda sahayda batteriga,” Meyer ayaa yidhi.
Waxaan fahamsanahay inaad jeceshahay inaad maamusho khibradaada internetka. Laakiin dakhliga xayaysiisku wuxuu caawiyaa taageerada saxafiyiintayada. Si aad u akhrido sheekadeena oo dhan, fadlan jooji xayeysiisiyahaaga Caawimo kasta si weyn ayaa loo mahadin lahaa.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-31-2022
